Unleash the power: how to prevent water hammer from destroying your plumbing

Water hammer is a sudden surge of pressure in a plumbing system caused by the abrupt closing of a valve or faucet. This rapid change in water flow can create a shockwave that travels through the pipes, potentially damaging fixtures, appliances, and even bursting pipes.

How Water Hammer Occurs

When a water valve is closed quickly, the flowing water suddenly stops. The momentum of the water creates a pressure spike that travels through the pipes like a water hammer. This pressure surge can reach several times the normal operating pressure of the system.

Can Water Hammer Burst Pipes?

Yes, water hammer can burst pipes if the pressure surge is severe enough. The force of the shockwave can weaken the pipe walls, leading to cracks, leaks, and even complete bursts.

Factors that Increase the Risk of Water Hammer

• Quickly closing valves or faucets: The faster the valve is closed, the greater the pressure spike.
• Long, straight pipe runs: Water hammer has a greater impact in straight pipe runs where the pressure wave can build up unchecked.
• Rigid pipes: Copper and galvanized steel pipes are more susceptible to water hammer than flexible pipes like PEX or CPVC.
• High water pressure: Systems with high operating pressure are more likely to experience severe water hammer.
• Absence of water hammer arrestors: These devices absorb the pressure surge and prevent it from damaging pipes.

Preventing Water Hammer

• Install water hammer arrestors: These devices are installed at the source of potential water hammer, such as near faucets and washing machines.
• Close valves slowly: Avoid slamming shut valves or faucets.
• Use flexible pipes: PEX and CPVC pipes can absorb some of the pressure surge.
• Reduce water pressure: If possible, adjust the pressure-reducing valve to lower the system’s operating pressure.
• Insulate pipes: This can help reduce the speed at which the pressure wave travels.

Repairing Burst Pipes Due to Water Hammer

If a water hammer event bursts a pipe, immediate action is necessary:

• Shut off the water supply: Use the main water shut-off valve to stop the water flow.
• Call a plumber: A professional plumber can assess the damage and make necessary repairs.
• Drain the system: Open faucets and flush toilets to drain the water from the system.
• Dry the area: Use towels or a wet/dry vacuum to remove any remaining water.
• Repair the burst pipe: The plumber will cut out the damaged section of pipe and replace it with a new one.

Other Damaging Effects of Water Hammer

Besides bursting pipes, water hammer can also:

• Damage fixtures: The pressure surge can loosen or break faucet handles, shower heads, and toilet fill valves.
• Damage appliances: Washing machines and dishwashers can be affected by water hammer, leading to leaks or malfunctions.
• Create noise: The shockwave can create a loud banging or hammering sound in the pipes.

Takeaways: Protect Your Plumbing from the Mighty Water Hammer

Water hammer is a common plumbing problem that can have serious consequences, including burst pipes. By understanding the causes and risk factors, and implementing preventive measures like installing water hammer arrestors and closing valves slowly, you can protect your plumbing system from water hammer and its damaging effects.

Frequently Discussed Topics

1. What are the signs of water hammer?

• Banging or hammering sounds in the pipes
• Leaking faucets or fixtures
• Loose or broken faucet handles
• Malfunctioning appliances

2. Can water hammer damage hot water pipes?

Yes, water hammer can affect both hot and cold water pipes.

3. How often should I check for water hammer?

It’s a good idea to check for signs of water hammer regularly, especially after any plumbing work or changes to the system.

4. Can I fix water hammer myself?

Minor cases of water hammer can be addressed by installing water hammer arrestors or adjusting the water pressure. However, for severe cases or burst pipes, it’s recommended to call a plumber.

5. How much does it cost to repair water hammer damage?

The cost of repairs will vary depending on the extent of the damage and the complexity of the repairs.